Unity had a strong second quarter, with revenue and adjusted EBITDA exceeding guidance. Revenue of $533 million compares to guidance of $510 to $520 million and represents +80% year-over-year growth, +11% year-over-year on a pro-forma basis. GAAP net loss was $193 million and adjusted EBITDA was $99 million, an improvement of $136 million year-over-year. This compares to our adjusted EBITDA guidance range of $50 to $60 million. Free cash flow for the quarter was $33 million, which is reduced by one-time payments related to our restructuring.
We estimate that for the second quarter of 2023, we grew revenue faster than the markets in which we compete, and expect to continue to do so for the balance of the year. We are encouraged by the progress on profitability with second quarter adjusted EBITDA margins of 18.5%, which compares to 6.5% in the first quarter of this year and negative 12.7% in the second quarter of the prior year. Our margin expansion was driven by strong operating expense management, enabled by portfolio choices, productivity improvements across teams, more efficient cloud usage and other optimizations.
Create Solutions second quarter revenue of $193 million was up 17% year-over-year. Revenue growth was driven by our core subscription business which was up 22% year-on-year excluding China. This quarter, Create Solutions delivered significant innovation and business model enhancements across our product lines. We continue to reduce our reliance on Professional Services as we build a scalable and profitable business. Excluding Strategic Partnerships, Create Solutions revenue also grew 17% year-over-year.
Industries (beyond games) represent 30% of the total Create Solutions revenue, same as in the fourth quarter of 2022. As mentioned above, we made the decision to be less Professional Service centric and increase our focus on subscription and consumption models to scale a profitable business, leveraging our partnerships such as Capgemini and Booz Allen.
Grow Solutions revenue of $340 million was up 157% year-over-year and up 7% on a pro-forma basis, an acceleration from the 9% pro-forma year-over-year decline in the first quarter. Quarterover-quarter growth was 9%. We estimate that the ads market was flat sequentially. To note, the ads market in the prior year was still elevated from the impact of COVID.
